Risk Factors of Child Abuse
Understanding Risk Factors
Child abuse does not occur in isolation. There are often multiple risk factors present in a child’s life that increase their vulnerability.
These factors may relate to the child’s home environment, parental behaviour, or health and development.
Parental Risk Factors
Children may be at greater risk of abuse when their parents or caregivers are experiencing significant challenges.
When parents are overwhelmed or unsupported, their ability to provide a safe and nurturing environment may be compromised.
Challenges can include:
Substance abuse or addiction
Mental health issues
A history of violence or criminal behaviour
Lack of parenting skills or support
Domestic violence in the home
Environmental Risk Factors
The broader environment in which a child lives can also contribute to their vulnerability.
These conditions can create stress and instability, making it harder for families to meet a child’s basic needs.
Risk factors may include:
Poverty or financial stress
Unstable housing or homelessness
Social isolation or lack of community support
Exposure to violence or crime in the neighbourhood
Child-Specific Risk Factors
Some children may be more vulnerable due to their own circumstances.
Children who are perceived as “difficult” or who require extra care may be at increased risk, especially in high-stress environments.
These include:
Disabilities or chronic health conditions
Behavioural challenges
Developmental delays
Previous experiences of trauma or abuse
Why Risk Factors Matter
Understanding risk factors helps us identify children who may be at greater risk of harm. It allows professionals and community members to intervene early, offer support, and prevent abuse before it occurs.
Concerned about a child?
Are they in immediate danger?
Dial 111 for Police
or 0508 FAMILY (326 459) for Oranga Tamariki.
